Stencyl out of memory
In vivo administration of CBD before cardiac ischemia and reperfusion also reduces ventricular arrhythmias and infarct size. It attenuates high glucose–induced proinflammatory changes in human coronary artery endothelial cells ( 7) and myocardial dysfunction associated with animal models of diabetes ( 8), and it preserves endothelial integrity in diabetic retinal microvasculature ( 9). Epidiolex has also received orphan designation status for the treatment of neonatal hypoxia-ischaemic encephalopathy.ĬBD has multiple desirable effects on the cardiovascular system. A CBD/THC combination (Sativex/Nabiximols, GW Pharmaceuticals) is licensed for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis, and CBD alone (Epidiolex, GW Pharmaceuticals) has entered an expanded access program in children with intractable epilepsies (Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome). A number of preclinical studies have also shown beneficial effects of CBD in a range of disorders of the cardiovascular system ( 6). CBD is currently the focus of much research due to its potential in a number of therapeutic areas, as it has been shown to have antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anxiolytic, antinausea, and antipsychotic properties ( 5). The other major phytocannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), which does not have psychoactive properties.
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There are over 80 known types of phytocannabinoids, the most widely studied of which is Δ 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC or THC), which is responsible for the psychoactive properties of cannabis ( 4). They include endogenously produced compounds (called endocannabinoids), synthetic compounds and phytocannabinoids obtained from the Cannabis sativa plant. Mental stress induces myocardial ischaemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease, and this appears to be mediated by adrenal release of catecholamines ( 3).Ĭannabinoids (CBs) are compounds that bind to CB receptors or are structurally similar to compounds that bind to CB receptors. Current European guidelines on the prevention of cardiovascular disease have emphasized the importance of tackling these factors ( 2). Factors like social isolation, low socioeconomic status, depression, stressful family and work life, and anxiety are associated with an increased risk of the development and accelerated progression of existing cardiovascular disease.
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Further research is required to establish whether CBD has a role in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.Įpidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between long-term stress and the development of cardiovascular disease ( 1). These hemodynamic changes should be considered for people taking CBD. This data shows that acute administration of CBD reduces resting BP and the BP increase to stress in humans, associated with increased HR. In response to cold stress, subjects who had taken CBD had blunted BP (–6 mmHg P < 0.01) and increased HR (+7 bpm P < 0.05), with lower total peripheral resistance.ĬONCLUSIONS.
STENCYL OUT OF MEMORY SKIN
Subjects who had taken CBD had lower BP (–5 mmHg P < 0.05, especially before and after stress), increased HR (+10 bpm P < 0.01), decreased stroke volume (–13 ml P < 0.01), and a blunted forearm skin blood flow response to isometric exercise.
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CBD reduced resting systolic BP (–6 mmHg P < 0.05) and stroke volume (–8 ml P < 0.05), with increased heart rate (HR) and maintained cardiac output. Cardiovascular parameters were monitored using a finometer and laser Doppler. Nine healthy male volunteers were given 600 mg of CBD or placebo in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. The aim of this study was to investigate if CBD reduces BP in humans. Preclinical studies show CBD has numerous cardiovascular benefits, including a reduced blood pressure (BP) response to stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid used in multiple sclerosis and intractable epilepsies.